{"id":3433,"date":"2020-09-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eccovia.com\/how-to-stop-stds-the-answers-lie-in-sdoh\/"},"modified":"2022-09-21T15:01:08","modified_gmt":"2022-09-21T15:01:08","slug":"how-to-stop-stds-the-answers-lie-in-sdoh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eccovia.com\/blog\/how-to-stop-stds-the-answers-lie-in-sdoh\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Stop STDs? The Answers Lie in SDoH"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

STD transmission remains one of the top public health crises in the United States. While efforts to reduce STDs\u00a0have\u00a0historically focused on individual behavior, recent programs such as CARS (Community-based Approaches to\u00a0Reducing STDs) find that focusing instead on\u00a0SDoH\u00a0through community programs yield greater\u00a0results\u00a0in reduction and prevention.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When thinking of public health crises in the United States, what comes to mind?\u00a0<\/span>Most Americans agree that COVID-19, obesity, and mental health are just a few of the\u00a0<\/span>health\u00a0<\/span>problems our nation faces, but one that is\u00a0<\/span>often\u00a0<\/span>overlooked\u2014though\u00a0<\/span>potentially\u00a0<\/span>just<\/span>\u00a0as catastrophic\u2014is sexual health.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A NATION IN CRISIS\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The CDC reports sexually transmitted diseases<\/span>\u00a0(STDs)<\/span>among the top ten current public health crises that the United States is facing1<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0STDs can\u00a0<\/span>cause<\/span>\u00a0infertility, severe lifelong complications, and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>in extreme cases newborn death during childbirth2<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>STD cases are on the rise, leaving many health professionals at a loss over how to stop this epidemic.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are many\u00a0<\/span>reasons for this climb<\/span>\u00a0in STD cases.\u00a0<\/span>Societal factors, such as shame and secrecy surrounding sexual health, prevent many from seeking\u00a0<\/span>help<\/span>\u00a0and even lead them to unknowingly spread disease<\/span>. Others\u00a0<\/span>may have<\/span>\u00a0limited\u00a0<\/span>access to proper resources,\u00a0<\/span>such as condoms, contraceptives, and adequate healthcare.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While traditional prevention techniques focus on changing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>individual<\/span><\/i>\u00a0behavior, recent developments have led professionals to take a more\u00a0<\/span>systemic\u00a0<\/span><\/i>approach to handling the STD crisis3<\/span><\/span>. By\u00a0<\/span>addressing how well<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>environments are addressing the social determinants of health (<\/span>SDoH<\/span>)\u00a0<\/span>for<\/span>\u00a0those most at-risk for STDs,\u00a0<\/span>communities are beginning to see positive changes in sexual health.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

HOW\u00a0<\/b>SD<\/b>o<\/b>H<\/b>\u00a0<\/b>INFORM<\/b>\u00a0SEXUAL HEALTH<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

STDs do not impact all communities equally.\u00a0<\/span>While<\/span>\u00a0racial\/ethnic and sexual minorities are the populations most at risk for contracting HIV or other STDs<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>th<\/span>e prevalence\u00a0<\/span>is not\u00a0<\/span>caused by<\/span>\u00a0ethnicity, heritage, or sexual orientation. Rather, these communities are historically unders<\/span>erved;\u00a0<\/span>economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and low education levels make it difficult for people to stay sexually healthy4<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

These factors, known as\u00a0<\/span>social determinants of health<\/span><\/a>, can\u00a0<\/span>inform us on how to\u00a0<\/span>serve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>these at-risk populations. By looking at the environmental needs of communities\u2014such as access to testing and economic relief from health costs\u2014instead of\u00a0<\/span>individual behavior, programs have found\u00a0<\/span>better\u00a0<\/span>success in reducing STDs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>PROGRAMS IN ACTION<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

One of the leading programs\u00a0<\/span>that uses<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>\u00a0for STD prevention is<\/span>\u00a0the CDC\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>Community-based Approaches to Reducing STDS\u00a0<\/span>(CARS) initiative5<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This program focuses on identifying the\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>\u00a0most at risk<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0in each area and then using a community-centered approach t<\/span>o\u00a0<\/span>implementing interventions to reduce STDs<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Notably, CARS\u00a0<\/span>does<\/span>\u00a0not advocate for a one-size-fits-all-solution. Instead, it focuses on crafting responses made for the<\/span>\u00a0individual<\/span>\u00a0community while recognizing realistic barriers and goals.\u00a0<\/span>In doing so, the initiative puts power and trust in<\/span>\u00a0the community, ultimately leading to more successful outcomes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The CARS initiative provides several\u00a0<\/span>case studies<\/span>\u00a0of successful implementation, including:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Baltimore, MD6<\/span> <\/b><\/span>
    \nFocusing on STD identification and reduction among youth ages 15-24,\u00a0<\/span>CARS successfully implemented 11 interventions in underserved neighborhoods. It also began a community-led program specifically designed to test youth for chlamydia and gonorrhea.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Philadelphia, PA7<\/span><\/b><\/span>
    \nPhiladelphia CARS built a youth-led program to address the stigma of sexual health among teens and built a design around recrui<\/span>tment, incentives, and leadership development. They reported a 7% increase in condom usage<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0among other successes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Chicago<\/b>, IL8<\/span><\/b><\/span>
    \nChicago\u2019s initiative focused on STD prevention in young women of color. By creating a social media campaign and\u00a0<\/span>expanding treatment, the youth-led program successfully conducted over 2,000 screenings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    CARS\u00a0<\/span>attributes<\/span>\u00a0their successful campaigns to shifting towards addressing\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>. As programs\u00a0<\/span>like\u00a0these\u00a0<\/span>move<\/span>\u00a0to community-wide issues\u2014as well as community-wide solutions\u2014they are likely to see greater engagement and better implementation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    IMPLEMENTING\u00a0<\/b>SDoH<\/b>\u00a0<\/b>INTO INTIATIVES<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    In analyzing the success of CARS initiatives, experts agree on t<\/span>en<\/span>\u00a0critical elements of community engagem<\/span>ent9<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0These elements are not exclusive to the CARS program and can be established in a variety of ways across a range of programs. They include:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Commitment to Engagement<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Partner Flexibility<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Talented and\u00a0<\/span>Trusted<\/span>\u00a0Leadership<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Participation of Diverse Sectors<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Establishment<\/span>\u00a0of Vision and Mission<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. Open Communication<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. Reducing Power Differentials<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. Working Through Conflict<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. Identifying<\/span>\u00a0and Leveraging Resources<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    10. Building a Shared History<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      By cultivating these factors with the aim of strength<\/span>en<\/span>ing\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>\u00a0for communities, S<\/span>TD prevention is likely to increase.<\/span>\u00a0While responses to\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>\u00a0often require more effort and preparation, the results can be\u00a0<\/span>astounding\u2014some community health workers report an\u00a0<\/span>almost 150% return<\/span><\/a>\u00a0by addressing these factors.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      More than anything, efforts to address the STD epidemic in the U.S. show that the future of public health and long-term solutions lie in understanding and addressing the\u00a0<\/span>SDoH<\/span>\u00a0of each community.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      SOURCES<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. https:\/\/www.beckershospitalreview.com\/care-coordination\/cdc-10-most-important-public-health-problems-and-concerns.html<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/2019\/2018-STD-surveillance-report-press-release.html#:~:text=New%20CDC%20Report%3A%20STDs%20Continue%20to%20Rise%20in%20the%20U.S.&text=Combined%20cases%20of%20syphilis%2C%20gonorrhea,Control%20and%20Prevention%20(CDC<\/span><\/a>).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. https:\/\/www.nursesinaidscare.org\/files\/USCA%20Social%20Determinates%20of%20Health.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health-disparities\/cars-toolkit-2020.pdf<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      5. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health-disparities\/cars.htm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      6. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health-disparities\/cars-case-baltimore.htm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      7. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health-disparities\/cars-case-philadelphia.htm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      8. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/health-disparities\/cars-case-chicago.htm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        STD transmission remains one of the top public health crises in the United States. While efforts to reduce STDs\u00a0have\u00a0historically focused on individual behavior, recent programs such as CARS (Community-based Approaches […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,2,62],"tags":[7,138,8,36,180,14],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Stop STDs? 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